Disease Causation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ailment Causation - Essay Example The reasons for the condition includes people who smoke, individuals with hypertension, elevated cholesterol body levels and those experiencing diabetes. Hazard factors for building up the condition rely upon the individual’s age, ailment, sexual orientation and their way of life decisions. Most people particularly men simply like Steve are inclined to securing the condition past the age of 50 years (Lockhart et al., 2012). Other hazard factors for obtaining the condition incorporates diabetes, cigarette smoking, overweight and corpulent people, hypertension, high blood cholesterol levels and people who have a background marked by a coronary illness in the family. With respect to the data, Steve is at an extraordinary danger of procuring the condition. Since he is overweight and carries on with a sedimentary life coming up short on any physical exercise. He is a smoker, he is additionally at a danger of securing diabetes, hypertension or a coronary illness since there is a pas t filled with these ceaseless diseases that are hereditary (Fowkes et al., 2013). In addition, his circulatory strain is high for what it's worth over the ordinary range. Fowkes, F. G. R., Rudan, D., Rudan, I., Aboyans, V., Denenberg, J. O., McDermott, M. M., ... and Criqui, M. H. (2013). Correlation of worldwide appraisals of commonness and hazard factors for peripheral supply route ailment in 2000 and 2010: a methodical audit and analysis. The Lancet, 382(9901), 1329-1340. Jauch, E. C., Saver, J. L., Adams Jr, H. P., Bruno, A., Connors, J. J., Demaerschalk, B. M., ... and Yonas, H. (2013). for the benefit of the American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease, and Council on Clinical Cardiology. Rules for the early administration of patients with intense ischemic stroke: a rule for medicinal services experts from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 44(3), 870-947. Lockhart, P. B., Bolger, A. F., Papapanou, P. N., Osinbowale, O., Trevisan, M., Levison, M. E., ... and Baddour, L. M.

Employees or Independent Contractor-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Give Veronica legitimate exhortation comparable to the circumstances. 2.Advise Mary with respect to her legitimate position, refering to pertinent statuteand Case Law. Answers: 1.Issue: The issues that would emerge in the given case dependent on the realities of the case are: Regardless of whether there is a vicarious obligation on Veronica for the demonstration of Sylvester? Regardless of whether there is a vicarious obligation on Veronica for the demonstration of Bob? Rules of Law: To respond to the inquiry whether there was an obligation that existed we need to see whether the Sylvester and Bob were representatives or self employed entity (Difference among workers and contractual workers, 2017). On account of Performing Right Society Ltd v Mitchell and Booker (Palais de Danse) Ltd the risk of the respondent relied upon if the connection between the gatherings was that of individual agreement or business and representative (Performing Right Society Ltd v Mitchell and Booker (Palais de Danse) Ltd, 1924). The composed agreement between the gatherings had customary long periods of work, fixed business period, the work environment was directed, administration requests restrictiveness, rundown excusal directly for penetrate of guidance, there was predominant, definite and ceaseless control on every single point. These elements prompted the choice that the band was a representative (Burnett, 2007). The pressure was laid fair and square of control that was put or the control test for deciding whether the band was a representative in any case, there were different factors too that were thought of. On account of Zuijs v Wirth Bros Pty Ltd (1955) the elements which were considered by the High Court for characterizing the connection among Zuijs and bazaar was that the compensation was given in wage structure, outline excusal should be possible dependent on wrongdoing, despite the fact that there was no immediate control that the carnival had over the presentation of Zuijs act since they didn't have the necessary aptitude there was headings given for different viewpoints (Zuijs v Wirth Bros Pty Ltd, 1955). These variables were considered to add up to business, it was contemplated by High Court that however the exhibition of obligations relied upon exceptional information or expertise or the demonstration of the representative possibly with the end goal that there is no place for order that existed, this in any case, was not the point what made a diff erence was the legitimate expert for directing thus far as there is extension to do likewise. This case is the expert for the rule that it isn't the genuine control yet the option to control which is basic. To respond to the subject of risk we need to glance through the idea of vicarious obligation, there is vicarious risk on the business for the demonstration of the representative or any oversight if the equivalent is finished throughout his work. As opined on account of Llyod v Grace Smith the general principle for risk is that the business is obligated for the misrepresentation and unscrupulous lead or oversight of the worker if such a demonstration was done inside the representative course of business (Llyod v Grace Smith, 1912). On account of New South Wales v Lepore (Thomson, 2012) it was opined by Gleeson CJ that (New South Wales v Lepore, 2003): Not everything that a worker accomplishes at work, or during working hours, is adequately associated with the obligations and duties of the representative to be viewed as inside the extent of the business. What's more, the way that bad behavior happens away from the working environment, or outside typical working hours, isn't definitive against obligation. On account of Ffrench v Sestili a helpful examination of this test has been made where the worker had abused the assets over the span of his business (Ffrench v Sestili, 2007). The Full Court Supreme Courts choice, Debelle HJ in simultaneousness with Layton HJ and Sulan HJ contained a helpful refining of the standards from the case law regarding the vicarious risk convention. There were two recommendations that were refered to by Debelle which were significant, first the way that it was purposefully that the representative had occupied with a lead that was criminal or other break of law may not be adequate for denying vicarious risk and second the way that such direct which was locked in by the worker was in opposition to the guidelines that the business had given was not adequate for denying the vicarious obligation. As for individual obligation in a business structure of a sole broker there is close to home risk on the proprietor of the business structure concerning each part of the business (Sole merchant, 2017). There is an individual risk for all parts of the business which incorporates a business liabilities or obligations. There can't be any sharing of this obligations. For all parts of maintaining the business there is an individual obligation (Adams, 2015 p. 78). Use of Law Veronica and Sylvester, there will be an individual risk on Veronica for the demonstrations of Sylvester. It tends to be seen as on account of As saw on account of Performing Right Society Ltd v Mitchell and Booker (Palais de Danse) Ltd applying the control test and Zuijs v Wirth Bros Pty Ltd that however the exhibition of obligations relied upon unique information or expertise or the demonstration of the worker possibly with the end goal that there is no place for order that existed, this be that as it may, was not the point what made a difference was the legitimate expert for telling thus far as there is extension to do a similar accordingly Sylvester is a representative and not an individual contractual worker. There will be a vicarious obligation on Veronica for the demonstration Sylvester as opined on account of Llyod v Grace Smith since it was in his extent of business. Further as on account of New South Wales v Lepore it doesn't make a difference in the event that it was not i n the work environment that the demonstration happened. Further on account of Ffrench v Sestili the risk would not be expelled simply because the demonstration was not in circle of work or the way that it was not trained by the representative. In this way being a sole broker she will be actually subject for the demonstration of Sylvester. Veronica and Bob, albeit like Sylvester Bob is was additionally a representative anyway he had been terminated by Veronica along these lines according to the Llyod v Grace the demonstration was not inside the course of his work as he was not, at this point the worker of Veronica End Veronica being a sole dealer and business would be vicariously at risk for the demonstration of Sylvester however not for the demonstration Bob. 2.Issues The issue is in the given circumstance that: Regardless of whether there is an installment obligation on the organization for the installment to Mary for the acquisition of reviewing instruments? Regardless of whether there is installment obligation on the organization for the installment to Mary for the acquisition of smaller than expected oil drillers? Rules of Law For replying of issue as for the presence of installment risk it is basic to under the idea of exchange which there between the gatherings. The segment 5 of the Partnership Act (Cth,) states that the accomplices of a firm are its specialists and they are likewise for the motivations behind completing the business different accomplices operators, this business is required to be in the ususal way, and it is a part accomplice who has attempted such a demonstration, at that point all things considered the accomplices and the firm will be limited by such a demonstration. Except if, a proof is there for the way that there was no position that the accomplice who was following up for the benefit of the firm had for acting in such way and the person with whom the exchange was made was either mindful of it or if not mindful didn't accept that there was such power that existed. There exists between the organizations accomplices a guardian relationship, there is an obligation that an accomplice owes towards different firms accomplices when he is activity for the benefit of the firm as its operator and their exists an obligation also for the accomplices which they owe towards the accomplices who is following up in the interest of the firm as was opined on account of (Phillips-Higgins v Harper, 1954). For the firm to be held at risk for a demonstration which is finished by one of its accomplices with no expert for doing such a demonstration in the way that it has been done it is required that there ought to be four prerequisites that should be agreed to as referenced underneath (Fletcher, 2007, p 110): First: The exchange ought to be entered by an accomplice. Second: It is inside the businesss scope that the exchange or act ought to be finished. Third: It must be inside the typical way that it is affected. Fourth Requirement: Essential that the executing party is unconscious of the way that the accomplice executing has not authority or accepts or realizes that such authority is isn't there. On account of National Banking Corporation of Australia Ltd. v Batty it was opined by the High Court that the rest of the accomplices would at present be held subject for a demonstration regardless of whether it had been finished by the accomplice without the accomplice having any genuine authority of doing such a demonstration (National Banking Corporation of Australia Ltd. v Batty, 1986). Further on account of Watteau v. Fenwick (Watteau v. Fenwick, 1893) it was opined by the court that the tenet of head and operator will apply once it has been set up that the chief is the litigant. The risk of the considerable number of demonstrations of the operator will be with the head. For an exchange which has been gone into by the accomplice of the firm, there may exist a risk on the firm for such exchange despite the fact that the exchange has not been gone into by the firm. The case is so when the exchange which has been gone into by the firm is as a rule in a similar industry (Mercantile Credit Co Ltd v Garrod, 1962). Despite the fact that, on account of Goldberg v Jenkins (1889) 15 VLR 36 (Goldberg v Jenkins, 1889) it was opined that in the circumstance wherein the exchange made is past the typical method of the firm then all things considered the firm can't be bound to such exchange Utilization of Law There is an agreement of offer and buy that had been entered among Mary and Smith for looking over provisions and scaled down oil driller. The agreement for t

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Feel Free to Unsubscribe, Unfollow We started this site to add value to other peoples lives. When we embarked on our journey and began simplifying our lives a few years ago, we discovered myriad benefits, and we realized we weren’t the only people who would benefit from the simpler life. So we started sharing our story, and we discovered something amazing: when you add value to people’s lives, they are eager to share your message with their friends and family. When something resonates, we share it: people are intrinsically wired to share value with others; adding value is a basic human instinct. Thanks to the power of sharing, this site has grown to more than four million readers. And the site continues to grow today. Hundreds of thousands of people subscribe via email, and they follow our inspirational messages on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. Were grateful for every person who reads our content, finds worth in our words, and shares our message. We appreciate you; we want you here. We dont, however, want anyone to feel obligated to support our site if they dont continue to find value here. We understand that our message will not resonate with everyone. So if you stop finding value in our words, feel free to unsubscribe or unfollow. You wont hurt our feelings. Scouts honor. Wed rather you spend your time and attention on something that adds value to your life. We want you to be happy, and so the last thing we want to do is add to the clutter. This rule shouldn’t apply to only our website, though: no one needs to be offended when someone ‘unfriends’ them on Facebook, or stops following them on Twitter. But unfortunately, many people feel hurt, disrespected, or disregarded when someone leaves their online social circle. Instead of feeling offendedâ€"instead of questioning the other person’s intentionsâ€"we must realize we can’t add value to everyone’s lives all the time: even though someone found value in us previously, that doesn’t mean they will find value now or in the future. People often grow in different directionsâ€"that’s the beauty of life. That said, if you do find merit in our words here at The Minimalists, then please continue to share our essays via email and social media (you can find a list of our most popular essays here). Help us spread the wordâ€"we appreciate the love. Thank you for being part of a movement that is bigger than any one person.

Tiberius Gracchus And His Radical Reforms - 1563 Words

Christian J. Chapa Dr. Andrew Bell HIS 458/658 6 November, 2015 Tiberius Gracchus and his Radical Reforms It stands that Cicero claims that the men of the Roman Senate were made great by the fact that they are not dishonored by the spilling of blood of Tiberius Gracchus. I disagree with that notion. I believe that Gracchus was just trying to do what he thought was the right thing to do for the Roman Republic and the plebeian group. It was his duty as a tribune to watch for the needs of the Roman citizens, specifically to watch over the needs of the plebeian class. This group did not own large amounts of property. The reforms he wanted would affect land ownership in the Republic. He was opposed by the optimates, a group that favored the rich-landowning aristocracy of the Senate, their supporters, and elements of the optimates was formed against them (Lewis and Reinhold 269). By contrast, a group called the populares, who support the plebeian masses, was against them (Lewis and Reinhold 269). Gracchus was doing his duty to the s tate as he perceived it. I think that the members of the Roman Senate were threatened by Tiberius’s actions and so killed him to end the matter. The blood spilled over Gracchus is one that was agreed upon, by the Roman patricians, to be something noble and to be proud of. They were opposed to the bill proposed by Gracchus over agricultural reform and land re-distribution, â€Å"Tiberius Gracchus carried an agrarian law; the people acclaimed for it,Show MoreRelatedThe Fall Of The Roman Republic1368 Words   |  6 Pageshad that allowed for armies to become loyal to its commander rather than the Roman state. For centuries, these issues were kept under control and the Republic was able to grow throughout the Western world. However, starting with more radical figures such as Tiberius and Gaius Gracchi and continuing to Sulla, Pompey, and Caesar, these issues were exacerbated and led to the downfall of the Republic. Throughout the history of the Roman Republic, there had always been tension between the plebian and

The Elevator Doors - 1596 Words

As I took those few daunting steps from the elevator doors to through the white frosted doors of the Ear, Throat, Nose Surgical Ward, I thought to myself It’s time to grow up Emma! I remember stepping into a room about the size of a small classroom and going straight into a gross brownish-puke lumpy chair and sitting down on my everso shaking hands to conceal from both my mom and dad who stood up at the big front desk talking to middle age woman sitting behind it. I was only able to see the top half of her face, which reminded me of Wilson from Home Improvement. When they were done my parents came to sit down with me. My mom on my right and my dad next to her. After what felt like hours of waiting...and waiting...and waiting, a middle aged†¦show more content†¦Gardner, he was the head surgeon, who already knew my family as he did my eldest sister’s tonsillectomy. Next to him was a younger doctor whose face I couldn’t see and there were 3 other nurses-unf ortunately I didn’t learn their names so we are going to call them by the colors they were wearing, Pink Nurse, Purple Nurse, Blue Nurse, and Green Nurse- standing around with them all talking and laughing around. Glad they’re getting a kick out of this and that they’re excited. I stood alone for a moment just as still as a statue but a small as a pebble. The Purple Nurse walked from my side to the small locker wall unlocked one of them pulled out one of the infamous hospital gowns, the ones I had heard about, seen on TV, and seen on other people but never have I worn one. â€Å"If you just want to take this and go into one of the bathroom right here you can change out of your clothes and into this we’ll wait out here for you.† She told me handing me the pale blue and white gown jestering to the bathroom. â€Å"Any make sure to leave your underwear on.† Added quietly to me before I walked into the bathroom and closed the door. The bathroom w as small we enough to have a toilet, single sink/vanity, and a waste basket. It was very clean, which is to be expected in a hospital. I set the gown on the tiny counter next to the sink,

A Bump On Tobacco Road Free Essays

In North Carolina, the governor may be the top public official, but for the past 200 years tobacco has been king. The state grows half of all the tobacco in the United States, and the original cash crop remains its economic backbone. But beginning next month, North Carolina will be home to one of the nation’s toughest youth smoking laws, with a ban on tobacco use in public schools. We will write a custom essay sample on A Bump On Tobacco Road or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most students can’t smoke at school anyway, but the law applies to everyone on campus, year-round: parents in the stands at football games, maintenance crews in the school garage, teachers in the parking lot. Getting the law passed was no simple feat in a state that still depends on people lighting up. North Carolina spends just 4 percent of its annual $426 million of tobacco revenue on smoking prevention (less than half the minimum federal recommendation), and, at 35 cents, maintains one of the country’s lowest cigarette taxes. In all, it took six years of local advocacy and the votes of all 115 of the state’s school boards. â€Å"It wasn’t easy,† says Mark Ezell, the state’s tobacco-free-campus director. â€Å"I got called a Nazi a few times.† Health advocates who want the state to go further are likely to be called a few more things. Source: Philips, M. (2008) ‘A Bump On Tobacco Road’ Newsweek Online [online] available from http;//www.nesweek.com/id/147789 [August 3, 2008] The article I chose has the topic of smoking ban on schools on North Carolina. It is a landmark case on the massive efforts of different groups and individuals to educate the youth on the health risks of smoking. Although there is already an existing law that prohibits smoking of the students in their school premises, the new law was tougher and stricter in sense. For smoking is now a total ban on schools through out the state, not only for the youth but also for the teachers, employees or even ordinary visitors. This will ward off any attempts, influences or temptations of the youth to smoke by seeing their teachers or adults doing the same thing. This is also a daring step of the state authorities even though they will be having a tough battle against big multinational cigarette companies. The article shows that smoking among the youth is a big problem. Cigarette companies usually on their marketing strategies targets teens, encouraging them to smoke on an early age. If they will be hooked on their youth on smoking, it will be difficult for them to quit smoking while growing, and this means a big sum of money for the cigarette companies. Moreover, smoking is usually introduced by peers on high schools. They usually try smoking because of curiosity, peer pressure or simply they just thought that it is ‘cool’ to smoke, like the Marlboro Man. Companies and their marketing arms promote smoking as part of the ‘youth culture’, that smoking should be experienced by every youth and that smoking is a requisite for them to ‘belong’ on a group. Furthermore, even if smoking is prohibited for students on their school grounds, but visitors, teachers and other school staff are allowed to do so, the students will juts simply question such policies. Why they are not allowed to smoke inside school yet non-students are allowed. So it means, smoking are only banned inside, but allowed outside school premises. And even worst, they will have the perception that when they reach adult age, they are already ‘legally’ allowed to smoke. Lastly, anti-smoking campaigns will be only effective if the people behind it will not only focus their efforts on lobbying to the proper authorities to pass ordinances or laws on prohibiting smoking on public places or schools. They should also intensify their campaign on educating not only the youth, but everybody, on the illnesses and ill-effects of cigarettes on our health.    How to cite A Bump On Tobacco Road, Papers

Barriers to a Healthy Lifestyle-.com

Question: Discuss about the Various barriers to a healthy lifestyle are mostly attributed to healthful eating and physical activity. Answer: Introduction The World Health Organisation defines Health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Although the definition is has experienced criticism and debate due to the broad spectrum it intends to cover, it is evident that a wide range of factors can influence the health of a person starting from any genetic predisposition to small lifestyle choices one makes. In this context a healthy lifestyle is a way of living that reduces the incidence of serious illnesses and extends one life span and eventually help a person and his/her family to enjoy various aspect of life. The essay aims to elaborate the long-term significance of leading a healthy lifestyle, the barriers one might face in doing so and methods that can potentially overcome such barriers. Various barriers to a healthy lifestyle are mostly attributed to healthful eating and physical activity. Lack of Nutritional Knowledge At an intrapersonal level lack of knowledge regarding the nutritional values of ones diet and its consequences on health can be a major barrier to healthful eating. People seldom pay attention and importance to the nutritional knowledge of the products they are consuming. Nutritional knowledge must be augmented to overcome such eating barriers. Supportive educational programs can provide such knowledge to the general population (Kris-Etherton, 2014). Further people must be encouraged to use the labelled information provided (Miller Cassady, 2015). Healthcare professionals, nutritionist and doctors can play an important role in making the population aware of food attributes and their health consequences while communicating with the patients. Cultural patterns of food habit Social factors such as cultural patterns can limit intake of healthy food for particular ethnic groups which may turn out to be a potent factor in unhealthy food habits. Although cultural influences are often considered regarding eating disorders, few researches have explicitly linked or elucidated the cultural processes that cause such disorders. However, such cultural contributions towards unhealthy eating habits must be dealt with utmost care to avoid hurting the sentiment of the target population (Anderson, 2014). The most important role here is played by healthcare professionals in spreading awareness regarding the adverse consequences of unhealthy food habits on a frequent basis. Further, healthcare professionals should advocate policies on a local as well as national level that can promote access to healthy food choices. Social media and television advertisements often play crucial role in promoting certain food choices in the population (Caprio, 2008). Strict norms must be se t to avoid promotion of food with low nutritional value by food companies. Lack of self-motivation In terms of physical activity, perceptions of already being fit and lack of self-motivation often prove to be a determining factor for lack of physical activity. Lack of physical activity mostly in industrialized countries has reached to an alarming stage. Cumulated with unhealthy food habits physical inactivity has been proved to be a determining factor for the incidence of certain chronic and acute disorders like diabetes, hypertension and so on. To alleviate such trends nothing less than population-wide intervention will be sufficient. Physical activity behaviour can be influenced at several levels; multicomponent strategies can be implemented over individual strategies. Motivational interviewing strategies can be provided to individuals those who are resistant to physical activity behaviour changes. Community-based awareness programs should be conducted to change the attitude and perception of the larger group of people regarding the implications of physical activity in daily lif e (Cox, Smith Williams, 2008). Community based intervention are often more effective than at an individual level as it can change the overall lifestyle of the whole community where people can be influenced by each another. On an interpersonal level interventions can be provided by physicians or healthcare professionals to advice and urge their patients to engage themselves at a minimum level of physical activity. Healthcare professionals and physicians can be trained to deliver individualized physical activity advice according to the requirements of the patients. Environmental constraints may prevent a community to abstain from physical activity. Low cost environments such as sidewalks, parks, community recreation centres, swimming pools and so on must be available to the target population to facilitate and promote physical activities. Conclusion From the above discussion the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle is conspicuous. However, several barriers are widely prevalent that contribute to such trends in the population. They can range from a personal to a community level. Three major barriers identified, Lack of nutritional knowledge, Cultural food habit patterns and lack of self-motivation to engage in physical activities are some of the potent factors in this context. To change the public health scenario worldwide interventions are necessary along with intrapersonal contribution. References Anderson, E. N. (2014).Everyone eats: Understanding food and culture. NYU Press. Caprio, S., Daniels, S. R., Drewnowski, A., Kaufman, F. R., Palinkas, L. A., Rosenbloom, A. L., ... Kirkman, M. S. (2008). Influence of race, ethnicity, and culture on childhood obesity: implications for prevention and treatment.Obesity,16(12), 2566-2577. Cox, A. E., Smith, A. L., Williams, L. (2008). Change in physical education motivation and physical activity behavior during middle school.Journal of adolescent health,43(5), 506-513. Kris-Etherton, P. M., Akabas, S. R., Bales, C. W., Bistrian, B., Braun, L., Edwards, M. S., ... Pratt, C. A. (2014). The need to advance nutrition education in the training of health care professionals and recommended research to evaluate implementation and effectiveness.The American journal of clinical nutrition,99(5), 1153S-1166S. Miller, L. M. S., Cassady, D. L. (2015). The effects of nutrition knowledge on food label use. A review of the literature.Appetite,92, 207-216.

Peapod Online Grocery Shopping free essay sample

Pea Pod Behaviors and Comparison What behaviors are involved in online grocery shopping? How does online grocery shopping compare with traditional shopping in terms of behavioral effort? The behaviors involved in online grocery shopping are information contact, funds access, and transaction. The information contact â€Å"†¦occurs when consumers come into contact with information, either intentionally or accidentally, about products, stores, or brands†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (J. Paul Peter, 2010, p. 95) Funds access or money â€Å"†¦is the primary medium of consumer exchange. The consumer must access this medium in one form or another before an exchange can occur†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (J. Paul Peter, 2010, p. 198) I do not believe that the store contact or the product contact is applicable here since the purchases are being made online and not in a brick and mortar store which would allow the customer to see, touch, and feel the items they wish to purchase. The behavioral efforts found in a n online grocery shopping can be described as in an emergency case only. We will write a custom essay sample on Peapod: Online Grocery Shopping or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Online shopping is used when the customer does not have enough time to get into the supermarket to shop. Yet the success of Pea Pod relies on these types of customers for the success of their continued business. The behaviors of traditional shopping are information contact, funds access, store contact, product contact, and transaction. What both the online and traditional shopper has in common are the consumption and disposition, and the communication. Consumers What types of consumers are likely to value online grocery shopping from Peapod? The type of consumers that are likely to value online grocery shopping from Peapod are the busy consumers, women, older people, people without cars (if the stores are not walking distance) and the â€Å"dual-income families (that) are strapped for time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (J. Paul Peter, 2010, p. 209) to name a few. These customers may feel as if they have no time to get into a brick and mortar store. Their careers and quick paced life may make it inconvenient to take time from their day to get this task of grocery shopping done. Yet, with Peapod, they can order whatever they need online and they know that it will get delivered at their specified time. They did not have to drive to a store, park their car, walk into the store, find a cart or a basket, walk the aisles to pick their products, get on line to pay, put the items on the belt, pay for their items, bag their items, walk back to the car, load the car, drive home, unload the car, and put their groceries away. Peapod saves them all of the steps except for going online and picking the items, paying, and putting the items away once delivered. Opinion and Comparison Overall, what do you think about the idea of online grocery shopping? How does it compare with simply eating in restaurants and avoiding grocery shopping and cooking altogether? I will answer this question from a personal standpoint and not from data or information found in the specified reading. The idea of online shopping definitely intrigues me but I cannot find myself doing it. I can understand the need for this type of service based on the convenience but it is not for me. As a 46 year old career woman who is very rarely home, because of my required travels, I am the perfect customer for an online shopping program. Peapod is created and geared towards making my shopping experience easy and effortless but my better judgment goes against it. I am of the old fashioned belief that I need to see, touch, smell, and feel everything I purchase. I cannot find myself allowing someone else to pick the same pack of steak I would. How would the person picking my order know which stalk of broccoli I would pick had I done it myself? Although, I am usually limited for time, a trip to the grocery store, for me, is a fun and relaxing way to get the items I need to prepare the meals while I am at home. Interestingly enough, my grocery store of preference is Stop n’Shop which is the owner of Peapod. (J. Paul Peter, 2010, p. 209) Stop n’Shop has a system in their stores to allow the customer on the run to save a few steps and helps them get out the door quicker. They have scanning guns at the entrance of the store that a customer can use to scan their items and allow them to then put them directly into their shopping bag. Once all the shopping is done, you take the scanner to a register where the items you have scanned will download onto a screen which then allows you to pay for your purchase. It saves the time by not having to take all of your items out, put them on the belt, wait for a cashier to scan and charge the items, and then put them into bags. I have found this process to be wonderful and time saving for me. While, as I mentioned above, I am not a fan of online shopping and when compared to eating out; it is safe to say that buying nline will be cost effective as compared to a restaurant. Eating out all of the time instead of buying groceries and cooking at home will become very expensive. Also, the time spent getting to the restaurant, placing the order, waiting for the preparation, eating (if you are staying in), paying the bill, then getting back home will be a much longer process in time as compared to shopping and cooking at home. References J. Paul Peter, J. C. (2010). Consumer Behavio r amp; Marketing Strategy (9th Edition ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Free Essays on Highway Bridges

General The following documentation explains the structural design procedures performed. The design was followed in according to AASHTO specifications. Design analysis was implemented from â€Å"Design of Modern Highway Bridges† by Narendra Taly (Chapters 6 and 7). Information gathered for design was obtained from Banner and Associates, Inc. in Brookings, SD and South Dakota Concrete Products. Assistance with design procedures was from Dr. Nadim Wehbe, SDSU Civil and Environmental Engineering Structures professor, and Doug Wessels, Structural Engineer at Banner and Associates, Inc. Expansion The replacement bridge was expanded from the original bridge according to the â€Å"South Dakota Bridge System Code Manual – 1998 Edition† obtained from the SDDOT. The replacement bridge was then extended to span 120 ft. as compared to the original length of 90 ft. All design of the bridge girders and deck is based on the 120 ft expansion. Design Traffic The design truck loading for this bridge is for an HS20-44 and an estimated daily traffic volume of 100 vehicles per day. Bridge Type The design of this structure is for a continuous span, prestressed concrete I-Beam girder bridge with a continuous reinforced concrete deck and a New Jersey barrier. Girder Selection Graphs obtained from South Dakota Concrete Products were the basis for girder spacing and size (See figure B.1). With a 120 ft span length, a 54 M I-Beam girder with 5.25 ft was selected. The width of the bridge is 38 ft from outside edge to outside edge. Therefore, 8 I-Beam girders will be spaced at 5.25 ft on centers along the width of the bridge and an overhang of 7.5 in. on both ends. Deck Design Normal weight concrete is to be used for the decking. The deck thickness was determined to be 8  ¾ in. AASHTO specification for deck thickness is 8 – 8  ¾ in. thick. Due to the amount of anticipated traffic and the weight of vehicles that will be utilizi... Free Essays on Highway Bridges Free Essays on Highway Bridges General The following documentation explains the structural design procedures performed. The design was followed in according to AASHTO specifications. Design analysis was implemented from â€Å"Design of Modern Highway Bridges† by Narendra Taly (Chapters 6 and 7). Information gathered for design was obtained from Banner and Associates, Inc. in Brookings, SD and South Dakota Concrete Products. Assistance with design procedures was from Dr. Nadim Wehbe, SDSU Civil and Environmental Engineering Structures professor, and Doug Wessels, Structural Engineer at Banner and Associates, Inc. Expansion The replacement bridge was expanded from the original bridge according to the â€Å"South Dakota Bridge System Code Manual – 1998 Edition† obtained from the SDDOT. The replacement bridge was then extended to span 120 ft. as compared to the original length of 90 ft. All design of the bridge girders and deck is based on the 120 ft expansion. Design Traffic The design truck loading for this bridge is for an HS20-44 and an estimated daily traffic volume of 100 vehicles per day. Bridge Type The design of this structure is for a continuous span, prestressed concrete I-Beam girder bridge with a continuous reinforced concrete deck and a New Jersey barrier. Girder Selection Graphs obtained from South Dakota Concrete Products were the basis for girder spacing and size (See figure B.1). With a 120 ft span length, a 54 M I-Beam girder with 5.25 ft was selected. The width of the bridge is 38 ft from outside edge to outside edge. Therefore, 8 I-Beam girders will be spaced at 5.25 ft on centers along the width of the bridge and an overhang of 7.5 in. on both ends. Deck Design Normal weight concrete is to be used for the decking. The deck thickness was determined to be 8  ¾ in. AASHTO specification for deck thickness is 8 – 8  ¾ in. thick. Due to the amount of anticipated traffic and the weight of vehicles that will be utilizi...

An integrated marketing communications programme for Rapanui Essay

An integrated marketing communications programme for Rapanui - Essay Example ...........................................5 Introduction Integrated marketing communication can be defined as the way of integration of all the methods pertaining to promotion of brand in order to promote a specific product or service among the targeted customers. Its goal is to make all aspects of marketing communication like sales promotion, advertising, direct marketing, public relations, online communications, social media and personal selling to work together as a unified force maximizing the cost effectiveness rather than permitting each to work in isolation. It integrates and coordinates all chosen communication and marketing tools, sources and avenues into one seamless programme that is designed for maximising the impact on customers and other end users at minimum possible cost (Kitchen and Pelsmacker, 2004, p.20). The integration affects entirely the company’s marketing channel; business-to-business, internally directed and customer focused marketing communications. Classic communication methods in fashion industry Marketing communications can be defined as the communications in marketing that is used to create a favourable image towards a brand of product or service, an idea or a person. Marketing communication allow the marketers to inform, motivate, persuade and remind consumers. Companies entering the market with fashion clothes can use all elements of communication mix in their advertising, communication, personal selling and sales promotion and public relation. Advertising Any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods and services by any identified sponsor. The pages of professional magazines and newsletters are common avenues for advertising information related to the product of firm. Effective communication by means of advertising and media can make a distinction of its firm from its competitors who are less focused (Blakeman, 2007, pp.25-30). Sales promotion These are short term incentives which encourage the purchase or trial of service or product like discount for access to database over a limited time period. Publicity and public relation The programmes are designed to protect or promote the image of company or those of its products including product literature, exhibition and articles about the product of organisation in professional or in consumer publications. Personal selling Personal selling can be defined as the face-to-face interaction with one or more prospective purchasers for the purpose of making sales. Sales are generally the primary means of selling business goods and services in business-to-business marketing. Each component of marketing communication has its specific functions and own features and can be most effective in reaching a specific communication target. However, the greatest beneficial effects for the company can be achieved by integrating the individual elements of integrated marketing communication. Contemporary communication methods in fashion industry A n umber of emergent and contemporary issues affecting both the practice and understanding of professional marketing communications have become a concern for decision making and is value centred. A wide range of accessible communication options and the areas of professional practice need to be managed and incorporated under the leadership of integrated marketing communications. Marketing communication earlier includes the dominant paradigm of the agency of advertising but now it is changing. In recent years, the emergence of specialist services companies providing

Establishing Legitimate Business in the UK Essay

Establishing Legitimate Business in the UK - Essay Example Table of Contents Content Page Title Page 1 Abstract 2 Table of Contents 3 1. Introduction 4 2. Establishing a Legitimate Business Enterprise in the UK 5 a. Considerations to Make 5 b. Requirements for Business Enterprise Establishments 6 c. Advantages of Establishing a Legitimate Business 8 d. Ascertaining Legitimacy of a Business Enterprise 10 3. Conclusions 10 References List 12 Establishing a Legitimate Business Enterprise in the UK 1. Introduction The United Kingdom has of late become a core trading destination and trading partner for quite a number of countries across the globe, as well as individual business entities. The economy of the United Kingdom is depicted to have evolved from a state of being a base of predominance manufacturing to one which is aligned to new developments as far as biosciences and technology are concerned (Luff 2011:24). The country has been in the forefront with a number of investors seeking business opportunities from within following these and many other reasons which are beneficial for business initiatives. ... This fact has also been attributed to a number of illegitimate businesses coming up in the country. This calls for establishment of systems to verify legitimacy of a business in the country before one chooses to associate any given business. This paper attempts to look into establishment of business enterprises in the United Kingdom with focus placed on legitimacy (Doornkamp 1995:76). The paper also seeks to look into factors and requirements that are attached to establishment of business enterprises in the United Kingdom, as well as implications for the same. 2. Establishing a Legitimate Business Enterprise in the UK When there is a company seeking for business with the United Kingdom, there are normally implications based on fiscal aspects. These are not complex or so cumbersome to engage. However, there are a number of practical provisions which investors need to know so as to ease their prospects for undertaking business establishments in the country (Syrett and North 2008:165). This follows the fact that there is need for verification whether a there is legitimacy as regards the so referred to business or not. a. Considerations to Make When one intends to start a business in the United Kingdom, there are a number of factors that s/he has to consider. One of the factors that need to be looked into is the fact that every business has to fill a need which has to be definite at the same time. This implies that if at all a business does not appear to demonstrate any form of service which would make people to pay for, then that means that there is lack of reasons for investing in the country (Morris 2011:139). This is due to the fact that a business which fails to have this in mind has

Comparative Analysis Of Two Peer Reviewed Journals Commerce Essay

Comparative Analysis Of Two Peer Reviewed Journals Commerce Essay As said in the assignment we have to select a topic which is taken with two peered reviewed journal articles and making our own topic to understand the comparative analysis. The topic we have selected is the The relationship between the employees retention and the employees motivation. Accordingly two articles we were selected Performance and Motivation Prepared by Alfred W. Huf III, and Employee retention and turnover: Using Motivational Variables as a panacea. By Michael O. Samuel and Crispen Chipunza. The author of the first article says Performance and Motivation the main aim of this article is to look at the link between Performance and motivation. This article is mainly aiming to the employees prospective and how they have performed while we have to uplift the quality of the life of them. Most of the cases in the article have shown that how we can keep the performance in a top level and getting the employees full utilization. Motivation is always following the rules of the leadership and if there is a proper leadership in the organization we can have top level motivation as well. And also this article discussed that how the employees motivated by having the Non-cashed rewards and the cashed rewards. This is more important that it also described that the few famous policy makers like Herzberg, Maslow, and Taylor have some contradictions and the author of this article shows and discussed the facts regarding this matter. According to the authors of the Second article- Employee retention and turnover: Using Motivational Variables as a panacea aims to emphasize a research that will tell the story of why the people working in an organization and is leaving the organization. It is described intrinsic and extrinsic factors that will influenced to the turnover of the employees in workplace. And for this they have chosen few organizations and they also have done a research regarding this. They have experiment the motivational factors that affect the turnover and the retention as well. So this is a research based article that will guide us to the important factors on motivation and the turnover or retention of an organisation. It is hard to keep the skilled employees in an organisation. We have to provide many incentives and many rewards to retain those people. So, the motivational factors which we have to consider are the most important factors in any kind of organization. In this article they have shown some theoretical and practical factors that influenced the employees turnover and the retention. It is very hard for the mangers to retain their skilled employees into the organisation. We have to have a good plan to retain the employees where we have to wo rk hard for it. By this understanding also we can identify certain similarities and as well as the disparities of this two articles. Further this report will provide more specific analysis of these two articles. Comparative Analysis: From the first article Performance and Motivation there are mainly aiming to find out the link between the motivation and the performance within the large organizational behaviors. Which author describes that is really essential to improve at the Motivation and reduce the turnover in the organization. But from the second article Employee retention and turnover: Using Motivational Variables as a panacea. discuss about the motivational factors or the variables that will keep the workers in the organization. And also it is very important to keep the skilled workers bond to the organisation. So the two articles have the main similarity among the motivation and the retention of skilled workers. In the first article it is discussed that the few case studies which will guide us to identify some factors that are important to understand the motivational factors in an organization. And also it describes the theoretical comparison as well. The Non-cashed rewards can be a vital part of employees motivation. The author of the first article describes that the non-cashed rewards such as flex time, goal based incentives, and the rewarding the employee of the month will motivate the employee rather than giving some amount of money to the workers. It is also said that communicating this among the employees is the most important part of motivation the people. So these kinds of motivational events may lead to the top performing employees in an organization. In the incentive packages we must consider to give a merchandiser awards that are more effective than the top seller trips. According to the author we can have meetings after every week or month and decided that we can offer the merchandiser award. This is also in the same category of motivation by no-cashed rewards. And also in this article the author has suggest some critical motivational factor that is the employees can show or suggest the changes they need while they performing well. This is very crucial that if an employee is trying to go somewhere else for better offer he can suggest that the need of his difficulty. And also people trying to perform well otherwise they may not have any chances to bargain the incentives. This is a kind of culture making by the employees that they need to perform well. And within this culture employer have not to worry about the employees turn over. And there is one thing that arises in the article that the relationship between employer and employee is so important to the retention of employees. This can be done by having a conversation with the employee and the employer. The employer can ask the stories that the bad and the good situation from the employees of their life. So this will create a big bond between the two parties and the employee may unable to bargain incentives after this kind of conversation. And finally we have seen some important motivational factor in the later part of the article. The motivating language speaks by the leader or the manger to the workers. This is the most influencing way that one can suggest for better motivation and high performance of working. As we can see the above factors can be used as the motivational factors in an organization. So it is important to know the other well established factors in the second article to compare the linkage between the two articles. We have found in the second article that the authors have stated the theoretical aspects of the motivation. The Herzberg has defined some motivational factors that can be taken in to consideration. These are the intrinsic variables he defined achievements, recognitions, advancements, responsibility, work itself and the growth. These are some of the famous motivational factors that can be used to retain the employees. However the article also stated that the extrinsic factors also may have some influenced on the workers retention and the turnover. The factors we have identified in the article are competitive salary, friendly working environment, better interpersonal relationship, and the most important job security. This article is mainly bridging the literature of the motivational factors and the current practical knowledge and makes some model that will describe the entire story of why the employees turnover and retention happens. The second article found many practical factors that will directly effect the motivation and the retention of the employees. So we can find some extrinsic and intrinsic motivational factors that influence to the employee turnover and the retention. It is found the following motivation variables have significant influence over the employees motivation, retention and the turnover as well. Training and development Job security Sense of belonging to the organisation Interesting/ challenging work environment Innovative thinking freedom . Conclusion: So as we have discussed in the study there are many motivational factors we can identify from the two articles. The major findings from the article No: 01shows the theoretical aspects of how the motivation should be used to make better performance in an organization. And the Article No: 02 shows us the practical approaches that will make the motivation to reduce the turn over and retain the skilled workers in an organization. We can identify some important factors in the second article which are related to grow in the organisation. And also there are some factors that will be must there to retain the skilled workers and meantime we can make the employees more experience and well trained. According to the second article we found that some motivational factors are crucial for influencing the employees decisions. Training and development, competitive salary package and job security and recognition /rewards are the main motivational variables that will influence the worker capacity up and also better performance in the workplace as well. In the first article is also shows us the motivational factors that will describe the factors which are related to the cases and getting the essence of that studies. We can find some motivational factors in the first article can be very important to the performance of the workers.

The Cinema Effect: Illusion, Reality, and the Moving Image Matthew Buckingham: a Man in the Crowd

A Mirrored Image of Reality Realism is a realm of art that focuses on an individual’s perspective of the real world through the use of varying mediums. In historical times artist have always and everywhere sought to expand the subject matter of their work as well as the media in which they work. It would be accurate to say that the history of political suppression of the arts from Egyptian times to Byzantium to Nazism and Zhdanovism is a manifestation of attempts to limit or abolish expansion of artistic subject matter or new forms or styles.The drive to break out of the boundaries of conventional representation arises from the need to express new experiences and perspectives. And as innovations in artistic media reflect parallel technical discoveries and inventions, so also does the drive to expand the horizons of subject matter reflecting fundamental changes in social relations, social needs, and social values and objectives. In the â€Å"Cinema Effect Illusions, Reality, a nd the Moving Image† exhibition the various artists seek to create works that integrate cinema into our perceived notion of reality.Amongst the artists featured in the exhibition is Matthew Buckingham. Matthew Buckingham does a twenty minute film based off of Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Man in the crowd† also the same name of his film. Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The man in the crowd† is a narrative and not an actual film. Buckingham after reading the narrative was struck with how the story could be a metaphor and paradigm for the question of nonfiction filmmaking itself, Buckingham’s film is a silent film produced in black and white.There are many parallels with Poe’s narrative and Buckingham’s film. Buckingham’s film provides the visual aspect of Poe’s narrative. But, Buckingham’s film is more contemporary, he changes the setting of the film from nineteenth century Paris to that of modern day Vienna. Poe didnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t know London and details are borrowed from Dickens, Poe’s London sounds more like New York versus nineteenth century London. The details that Poe uses come from a review that Poe did of a story by Dickens.Poe fictionalizes the story by saying, â€Å"they covered and crossed the edges of the city† which would have been impossible to do at that time, his description sounds more like modern day Vienna . With Poe’s â€Å"The man in the crowd† one man is following a complete stranger but it is unclear whether or not the follower is ever aware that he is being followed or if he ever acknowledges the man that follows him; the difference with Buckingham is that he adds another character, he introduces the camera as a character in the film.Edgar Allan Poe’s story is from one mans point of view, a man sits at a coffee shop and watches people walk by and describes them, of the people he sees walk by him he is intrigued by an elderly gentleman who walk s by him, and then the man in the coffee shop begins to follow him. A man simply becomes interested in another mans manner and then he commits himself to following him secretly for a twenty-four hour period in hopes to learn something about the man . In this time frame, the elderly gentleman goes through out London in a distorted fashion going from one place to another in no particular path or reason.Matthew Buckingham’s version begins with a young man dressed in a black t-shirt and dark colored pants in a cafe. In is the only portion of the film where there is some dialogue, which is heard. The young man sits at a table with a large window that pears into the downtown area of Vienna, there are many people that walk by him and catch his eye. While he sits an older man dressed in a suit walks by and catches his attention. From this point on the young man begins to follow the older gentleman in the suit.Throughout the duration of the film the younger man secretly follows the ol der gentleman. The older gentleman does not appear to sense that he is being followed, the man go to various places, there is no clear destination a parallel with Poe’s story but the older man of the two does not appear to be disoriented in any way whereas in Poe’s story the man is intrigued by the older man because of his distorted state. In the film most of the scenes only feature the older man, there are very few scenes where the man walks around crowed areas and spaces allowing the viewer to only focus on this man.There is one part in the film where the man being followed acknowledges his follower, the men are both walking through what appears to be a walking through a bush garden, at this point the man in the suit starts running as if he realizes that someone is following him, but he never turns around to acknowledge the man following him from this point on the man in the suit has disappeared from the film but he is then show in another scene. In the following sce ne this is the first time that the younger man is introduced in the film.Throughout the film only the back of the man in the suit is seen we never get a full view of either of the men, now, in this scene the camera is introduced as another character in the film. Before this point in the film is was ambiguous to know whether the younger man was also the camera guy but know it is clear that he is apart of the film as a character. The following scene begins to follow the man in the suit again but this time the viewer is able to get a closer view of him.Both men stand right next to each other and the angle of the camera shifts between the two men. There is a shift in the film the older man becomes a little more unaware and disoriented as the film continues. The man in the suit begins walks into a crowded area and he looks as if he is trying to find someone or something, at this point both men are close enough to each other to the point where they can physically embrace one another. The older man is preoccupied in his thoughts that he literally brushes past the other man and leaves the building they are in quickly.Transitioning in the film the older man goes to a train station and he at this point appears very disoriented and confused he walks in the station and looks as if he is going to board one of the trains but stops himself and leaves. At this point the man is back outside and the focus shifts from the older man as people walk in front of him and he seems lost within the crowd, night falls and the man is becomes the focus again and he continues to walk aimlessly. He then goes into a bar and he is amongst the many people in the bar, once he leaves it is completely dark and the film ends.This film exemplifies a type of realism because it depicts a realistic aspect of everyday life without exaggeration. The actual film is based on one man; the film follows him throughout one twenty-four hour period. The only unrealistic aspect of the film is the film itself, tha t someone is secretly following another person. The mans actions in the film follow everyday activity. Buckingham created a film that even allows the viewer to be superimposed within it. The film is displayed from two projectors. The projector is freestanding and has the appearance of a window, just like that of the window in the cafe where the film begins.So once we superimpose ourselves in front of the projector we are now apart of the film. The film becomes real and apart of the viewers reality because even the viewer can experience what is going on and be apart. The viewer now takes the role of the camera or the person following the man and experience what is going on. Also the man in the crowd is a relatable character we can all identify with the man in the crowd. The man that was followed was chosen randomly, he had no idea he was being followed and he had no distinguishable traits that would make he an obvious candidate. Buckingham’s film is similar to a performance by Vito Acconci.Vito Acconci does a performance similar to that of what Buckingham does in his film whereas Acconci follows a man around without his permission. Both artists push the boundaries of what art is and its interactions with life and its reality. Both artists with their work blur the line of artist and the perceived audience/subject. These works can be classified as avant-garde and how they move away from the considered standards and characteristics of art and what it should be art without a specific form and directed perception. In this same manner Matthew Buckingham’s film is similar to the photos of Jeff Wall.Jeff Wall uses photography to capture the different aspects of our reality and perceived real life. One of Jeff Wall’s photos is â€Å"A view from an Apartment†, in this photo Wall depicts an ordinary scene amongst two roommates, but he has altered the photo slightly to make the photo appear more realistic, he uses this image to depict two differ ent aspects of our reality. His work like that of Buckingham’s discusses our social ideas of the world. Like that of photography film is able to capture a moment as it happens, with technological advances in both there is the ability to go back and change or manipulate the imagery to something else.With both artist they are able to make their art appear as if it were natural and unchanged. Buckingham’s film appears natural and organic without any manipulation, but the characters of the film where all aware of each other and Buckingham’s concept and idea for this film thus making this reality artificial. There are interesting and informative accounts of art ranging from strict formalism to psychoanalysis, but that these had best be registered and tested against more general scientific theories of human society and culture.When this is done, the content of the work of art can be related to the means of scientific, realistic and empirical theories of culture and so ciety. This film addresses social concerns within society. The concept of the film and the film itself push the boundary of what is socially acceptable as art. Buckingham’s film does push the boundary of what is socially accepted for him to follow another person without their permission and to further document this as a film.

3rd Economics Commentry : International Trade Essay

The European Central Bank (ECB) is employing a new system of monetary policy which now it directly purchases government bonds from the Spanish and Italian governments. The objective is to lower interest rates on Spanish and Italian government bonds, which theoretically should show private investors that the two countries are financially able in returning their money thus decreasing the rising pressure on interest rates in the Eurozone, a dilemma threatening to counter the current torpid recovery from the 2008 and 2009 recessions. Monetary policy is a term for the manipulation of the interest rates and money supply by the Central Bank of a country, managed to either decrease interest rates (expansionary monetary policy) or increase them (contractionary monetary policy). In hope of shifting the Eurozone economy closer to its full employment level, the European Central Bank currently is purchasing European government bonds proficiently boosting the money supply of the euro. If effective, the ECB’s â€Å"quantitative easing†[1] should reallocate loanable funds towards Spain and Italy’s private and public sectors as a result of lower interest rates on government bonds. The increase in supply of loanable funds should bring down the interest rates for private investors (households and firms), making private investments more appealing. The purchase of bonds by the European Central Bank makes it inexpensive for Spain and Italy to borrow money, lowering the interest rates on their bonds, returning international investor confidence, who may possibly be more agreeable in saving their money in Spain and Italian banks. The influx of loanable funds into these economies (rise in the supply of loanable funds from to ) should decrease the real interest rate reassuring a greater number of firms to invest in capital goods and households to fund the consumption of a higher number of durable goods, pushing aggregate demand (AD) to the right (increase) returning the economy of the Eurozone to its full level of employment of output (represented as a shift from to in the right hand side graph). Though usually monetary easing like this should result in inflation, it is unlikely given the European’s large gap in output (illustrated as the distance between and the full employment level of output shown as a dotted line). An increase in AD should result in an increase in output however insignificant inflation as a result of the excess capacity of the factors of production within the European economy. An expansionary fiscal policy would prove impractical for Spain and Italy aiming for full employment as the increase in reluctance over their deficits and debts has triggered amassing borrowing charges from the private sector. The ECB as Krugman debates should carry on playing a growing part in the development of credit to cash strapped European governments; with the intention of preserving low interest rates to prevent the crowding-out of private spending’s. The problem of inflation in Europe’s current recessionary atmosphere should be a rather miniscule concern. It is only when the confidence of private sector stakeholders has returned (a circumstance requiring small borrowing cost) will private sector spending recommence and the economies of the euro may begin generating employment and increasing their production again. In the short-term, Italy and Spain should take profit from the ECB’s bond-buying initiative, and make significant, productivity-enhancing funding’s in infrastructure, schooling and job training. The states of the Eurozone must become more competitive with those of Eastern Europe and Asia if they optimise to economically grow. In the medium-term, the Eurozone nations must exhibit a promise to fiscal limitation and more stable budgets. Eradicating loopholes that permit industries and prosperous consumers to evade paying taxes is imperative for example. In addition, rising the age of retirement, economizing on social welfare programs and raising marginal tax rates on the highest income earners should all visibly communicate the message to investors that these countries are indeed dedicated to fiscal restraint. As a result, their dependency on European Central Bank lending’s will deteriorate and private lenders will once more be keen on buying government bonds from the Eurozone at lower interest rates, permitting constant advancement in the private sector.

Essay about The Independence of Spainish Colonies in America

The Spanish empire in the Americas faced huge political, social and economic problems in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The empire was stretched to its limit politically and socially with the threat of an uprising from the slave population in its empire. The economy also played a major role and the outlook was just as bleak for Spain with the American colonies drifting towards independence. Spain did not seem able to cope with its empire and had found itself in trouble with regards to mining which was at the centre of political and social systems, the military and the empire’s economic activity. By 1600, mining which was integral to Spain’s prosperity and growth, was under a huge amount of pressure. This pressure was caused by†¦show more content†¦Although the economy of the Americas relied heavily on mining there was also a large emphasis on agricultural development and manufacturing in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. However, the developmen t of agricultural during these two centuries led to further economic turmoil within the Americas. The agricultural system was changed from the traditional Indian subsistence agriculture to commercial crops and plantations. This change in agriculture led to the formation of ‘latifundios’ and ‘minifundios’ which were not as self-sufficient as the traditional Indian subsistence farming. The sugar boom meant that the agricultural system in place led to a loss of Indian land and water rights. Venezuela became the centre of the Americas agricultural economy, due to its success of farming cacao in the central valleys and also due to its livestock. However, the success of its livestock meant that large and intrusive ‘estancias’ or ranches were constructed. This was especially true in the Pampas region of South America, which brought in development of a previously undeveloped and unspoilt region. The Americas move towards independence was slowly picking up pace as a result of its success in manufacturing. For example, wine within the Americas was nowShow MoreRelated The Role of the Catholic Church In The New World Essay2837 Words   |  12 Pagesrecords show that the Spanish dispatched missionaries to more than 65 destinations, ranging from Florida and California to Chile and the Strait of Magellan. (Van Oss 5) Between 1493, when the first mission left for Espanola, and Spanish American independence (roughly 1821) more than 15 thousand missionaries crossed the Atlantic under royal auspices. (Van Oss 4) The Spanish, when choosing who to send as their principle emissaries of the Catholic Church, went over the heads of the Spanish bishopsRead MoreThe United States And Foreign Policy Essay4400 Words   |  18 Pagesit is the purpose of this essay to analysis and examine the Spanish-American War, President Mckinley’s foreign policy, the American public reaction, the aftermath and the European perception of America s rise in international society. Moreover, this essay will attempt to analysis the position of America at war and the transition in international status that came as the result. During the conflict between France and Britain during 1793, President George Washington issued a Proclamation of NeutralityRead MoreEssay on Analysis of The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros4759 Words   |  20 Pages2001) 2. America 2.1 The New World Once it was the New World, and nowadays it has become to a world power. America is both a continent and a country. America the country is offically called United States of America, it includes 42 states and its population is varied because it is a nation of immigrants. Compared to the worlds standards it is relatively young no more than 200 years old. But it is the world’s greatest economic power (cf. http://www.Britannica.com, 27.Feb.2001). America the continent